//     underscore.js 1.5.2
//     http://underscorejs.org
//     (c) 2009-2013 jeremy ashkenas, documentcloud and investigative reporters & editors
//     underscore may be freely distributed under the mit license.
/* 浠ｇ爜鏁寸悊锛氭噿浜轰箣瀹?www.lanrenzhijia.com */
(function() {

  // baseline setup
  // --------------

  // establish the root object, `window` in the browser, or `exports` on the server.
  var root = this;

  // save the previous value of the `_` variable.
  var previousunderscore = root._;

  // establish the object that gets returned to break out of a loop iteration.
  var breaker = {};

  // save bytes in the minified (but not gzipped) version:
  var arrayproto = array.prototype, objproto = object.prototype, funcproto = function.prototype;

  // create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes.
  var
    push             = arrayproto.push,
    slice            = arrayproto.slice,
    concat           = arrayproto.concat,
    tostring         = objproto.tostring,
    hasownproperty   = objproto.hasownproperty;

  // all **ecmascript 5** native function implementations that we hope to use
  // are declared here.
  var
    nativeforeach      = arrayproto.foreach,
    nativemap          = arrayproto.map,
    nativereduce       = arrayproto.reduce,
    nativereduceright  = arrayproto.reduceright,
    nativefilter       = arrayproto.filter,
    nativeevery        = arrayproto.every,
    nativesome         = arrayproto.some,
    nativeindexof      = arrayproto.indexof,
    nativelastindexof  = arrayproto.lastindexof,
    nativeisarray      = array.isarray,
    nativekeys         = object.keys,
    nativebind         = funcproto.bind;

  // create a safe reference to the underscore object for use below.
  var _ = function(obj) {
    if (obj instanceof _) return obj;
    if (!(this instanceof _)) return new _(obj);
    this._wrapped = obj;
  };

  // export the underscore object for **node.js**, with
  // backwards-compatibility for the old `require()` api. if we're in
  // the browser, add `_` as a global object via a string identifier,
  // for closure compiler "advanced" mode.
  if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
    if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
      exports = module.exports = _;
    }
    exports._ = _;
  } else {
    root._ = _;
  }

  // current version.
  _.version = '1.5.2';

  // collection functions
  // --------------------

  // the cornerstone, an `each` implementation, aka `foreach`.
  // handles objects with the built-in `foreach`, arrays, and raw objects.
  // delegates to **ecmascript 5**'s native `foreach` if available.
  var each = _.each = _.foreach = function(obj, iterator, context) {
    if (obj == null) return;
    if (nativeforeach && obj.foreach === nativeforeach) {
      obj.foreach(iterator, context);
    } else if (obj.length === +obj.length) {
      for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
        if (iterator.call(context, obj[i], i, obj) === breaker) return;
      }
    } else {
      var keys = _.keys(obj);
      for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
        if (iterator.call(context, obj[keys[i]], keys[i], obj) === breaker) return;
      }
    }
  };

  // return the results of applying the iterator to each element.
  // delegates to **ecmascript 5**'s native `map` if available.
  _.map = _.collect = function(obj, iterator, context) {
    var results = [];
    if (obj == null) return results;
    if (nativemap && obj.map === nativemap) return obj.map(iterator, context);
    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
      results.push(iterator.call(context, value, index, list));
    });
    return results;
  };

  var reduceerror = 'reduce of empty array with no initial value';

  // **reduce** builds up a single result from a list of values, aka `inject`,
  // or `foldl`. delegates to **ecmascript 5**'s native `reduce` if available.
  _.reduce = _.foldl = _.inject = function(obj, iterator, memo, context) {
    var initial = arguments.length > 2;
    if (obj == null) obj = [];
    if (nativereduce && obj.reduce === nativereduce) {
      if (context) iterator = _.bind(iterator, context);
      return initial ? obj.reduce(iterator, memo) : obj.reduce(iterator);
    }
    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
      if (!initial) {
        memo = value;
        initial = true;
      } else {
        memo = iterator.call(context, memo, value, index, list);
      }
    });
    if (!initial) throw new typeerror(reduceerror);
    return memo;
  };

  // the right-associative version of reduce, also known as `foldr`.
  // delegates to **ecmascript 5**'s native `reduceright` if available.
  _.reduceright = _.foldr = function(obj, iterator, memo, context) {
    var initial = arguments.length > 2;
    if (obj == null) obj = [];
    if (nativereduceright && obj.reduceright === nativereduceright) {
      if (context) iterator = _.bind(iterator, context);
      return initial ? obj.reduceright(iterator, memo) : obj.reduceright(iterator);
    }
    var length = obj.length;
    if (length !== +length) {
      var keys = _.keys(obj);
      length = keys.length;
    }
    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
      index = keys ? keys[--length] : --length;
      if (!initial) {
        memo = obj[index];
        initial = true;
      } else {
        memo = iterator.call(context, memo, obj[index], index, list);
      }
    });
    if (!initial) throw new typeerror(reduceerror);
    return memo;
  };

  // return the first value which passes a truth test. aliased as `detect`.
  _.find = _.detect = function(obj, iterator, context) {
    var result;
    any(obj, function(value, index, list) {
      if (iterator.call(context, value, index, list)) {
        result = value;
        return true;
      }
    });
    return result;
  };

  // return all the elements that pass a truth test.
  // delegates to **ecmascript 5**'s native `filter` if available.
  // aliased as `select`.
  _.filter = _.select = function(obj, iterator, context) {
    var results = [];
    if (obj == null) return results;
    if (nativefilter && obj.filter === nativefilter) return obj.filter(iterator, context);
    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
      if (iterator.call(context, value, index, list)) results.push(value);
    });
    return results;
  };

  // return all the elements for which a truth test fails.
  _.reject = function(obj, iterator, context) {
    return _.filter(obj, function(value, index, list) {
      return !iterator.call(context, value, index, list);
    }, context);
  };

  // determine whether all of the elements match a truth test.
  // delegates to **ecmascript 5**'s native `every` if available.
  // aliased as `all`.
  _.every = _.all = function(obj, iterator, context) {
    iterator || (iterator = _.identity);
    var result = true;
    if (obj == null) return result;
    if (nativeevery && obj.every === nativeevery) return obj.every(iterator, context);
    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
      if (!(result = result && iterator.call(context, value, index, list))) return breaker;
    });
    return !!result;
  };

  // determine if at least one element in the object matches a truth test.
  // delegates to **ecmascript 5**'s native `some` if available.
  // aliased as `any`.
  var any = _.some = _.any = function(obj, iterator, context) {
    iterator || (iterator = _.identity);
    var result = false;
    if (obj == null) return result;
    if (nativesome && obj.some === nativesome) return obj.some(iterator, context);
    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
      if (result || (result = iterator.call(context, value, index, list))) return breaker;
    });
    return !!result;
  };

  // determine if the array or object contains a given value (using `===`).
  // aliased as `include`.
  _.contains = _.include = function(obj, target) {
    if (obj == null) return false;
    if (nativeindexof && obj.indexof === nativeindexof) return obj.indexof(target) != -1;
    return any(obj, function(value) {
      return value === target;
    });
  };

  // invoke a method (with arguments) on every item in a collection.
  _.invoke = function(obj, method) {
    var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
    var isfunc = _.isfunction(method);
    return _.map(obj, function(value) {
      return (isfunc ? method : value[method]).apply(value, args);
    });
  };

  // convenience version of a common use case of `map`: fetching a property.
  _.pluck = function(obj, key) {
    return _.map(obj, function(value){ return value[key]; });
  };

  // convenience version of a common use case of `filter`: selecting only objects
  // containing specific `key:value` pairs.
  _.where = function(obj, attrs, first) {
    if (_.isempty(attrs)) return first ? void 0 : [];
    return _[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](obj, function(value) {
      for (var key in attrs) {
        if (attrs[key] !== value[key]) return false;
      }
      return true;
    });
  };

  // convenience version of a common use case of `find`: getting the first object
  // containing specific `key:value` pairs.
  _.findwhere = function(obj, attrs) {
    return _.where(obj, attrs, true);
  };

  // return the maximum element or (element-based computation).
  // can't optimize arrays of integers longer than 65,535 elements.
  // see [webkit bug 80797](https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=80797)
  _.max = function(obj, iterator, context) {
    if (!iterator && _.isarray(obj) && obj[0] === +obj[0] && obj.length < 65535) {
      return math.max.apply(math, obj);
    }
    if (!iterator && _.isempty(obj)) return -infinity;
    var result = {computed : -infinity, value: -infinity};
    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
      var computed = iterator ? iterator.call(context, value, index, list) : value;
      computed > result.computed && (result = {value : value, computed : computed});
    });
    return result.value;
  };

  // return the minimum element (or element-based computation).
  _.min = function(obj, iterator, context) {
    if (!iterator && _.isarray(obj) && obj[0] === +obj[0] && obj.length < 65535) {
      return math.min.apply(math, obj);
    }
    if (!iterator && _.isempty(obj)) return infinity;
    var result = {computed : infinity, value: infinity};
    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
      var computed = iterator ? iterator.call(context, value, index, list) : value;
      computed < result.computed && (result = {value : value, computed : computed});
    });
    return result.value;
  };

  // shuffle an array, using the modern version of the 
  // [fisher-yates shuffle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fisher鈥揧ates_shuffle).
  _.shuffle = function(obj) {
    var rand;
    var index = 0;
    var shuffled = [];
    each(obj, function(value) {
      rand = _.random(index++);
      shuffled[index - 1] = shuffled[rand];
      shuffled[rand] = value;
    });
    return shuffled;
  };

  // sample **n** random values from an array.
  // if **n** is not specified, returns a single random element from the array.
  // the internal `guard` argument allows it to work with `map`.
  _.sample = function(obj, n, guard) {
    if (arguments.length < 2 || guard) {
      return obj[_.random(obj.length - 1)];
    }
    return _.shuffle(obj).slice(0, math.max(0, n));
  };

  // an internal function to generate lookup iterators.
  var lookupiterator = function(value) {
    return _.isfunction(value) ? value : function(obj){ return obj[value]; };
  };

  // sort the object's values by a criterion produced by an iterator.
  _.sortby = function(obj, value, context) {
    var iterator = lookupiterator(value);
    return _.pluck(_.map(obj, function(value, index, list) {
      return {
        value: value,
        index: index,
        criteria: iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
      };
    }).sort(function(left, right) {
      var a = left.criteria;
      var b = right.criteria;
      if (a !== b) {
        if (a > b || a === void 0) return 1;
        if (a < b || b === void 0) return -1;
      }
      return left.index - right.index;
    }), 'value');
  };

  // an internal function used for aggregate "group by" operations.
  var group = function(behavior) {
    return function(obj, value, context) {
      var result = {};
      var iterator = value == null ? _.identity : lookupiterator(value);
      each(obj, function(value, index) {
        var key = iterator.call(context, value, index, obj);
        behavior(result, key, value);
      });
      return result;
    };
  };

  // groups the object's values by a criterion. pass either a string attribute
  // to group by, or a function that returns the criterion.
  _.groupby = group(function(result, key, value) {
    (_.has(result, key) ? result[key] : (result[key] = [])).push(value);
  });

  // indexes the object's values by a criterion, similar to `groupby`, but for
  // when you know that your index values will be unique.
  _.indexby = group(function(result, key, value) {
    result[key] = value;
  });

  // counts instances of an object that group by a certain criterion. pass
  // either a string attribute to count by, or a function that returns the
  // criterion.
  _.countby = group(function(result, key) {
    _.has(result, key) ? result[key]++ : result[key] = 1;
  });

  // use a comparator function to figure out the smallest index at which
  // an object should be inserted so as to maintain order. uses binary search.
  _.sortedindex = function(array, obj, iterator, context) {
    iterator = iterator == null ? _.identity : lookupiterator(iterator);
    var value = iterator.call(context, obj);
    var low = 0, high = array.length;
    while (low < high) {
      var mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
      iterator.call(context, array[mid]) < value ? low = mid + 1 : high = mid;
    }
    return low;
  };

  // safely create a real, live array from anything iterable.
  _.toarray = function(obj) {
    if (!obj) return [];
    if (_.isarray(obj)) return slice.call(obj);
    if (obj.length === +obj.length) return _.map(obj, _.identity);
    return _.values(obj);
  };

  // return the number of elements in an object.
  _.size = function(obj) {
    if (obj == null) return 0;
    return (obj.length === +obj.length) ? obj.length : _.keys(obj).length;
  };

  // array functions
  // ---------------

  // get the first element of an array. passing **n** will return the first n
  // values in the array. aliased as `head` and `take`. the **guard** check
  // allows it to work with `_.map`.
  _.first = _.head = _.take = function(array, n, guard) {
    if (array == null) return void 0;
    return (n == null) || guard ? array[0] : slice.call(array, 0, n);
  };

  // returns everything but the last entry of the array. especially useful on
  // the arguments object. passing **n** will return all the values in
  // the array, excluding the last n. the **guard** check allows it to work with
  // `_.map`.
  _.initial = function(array, n, guard) {
    return slice.call(array, 0, array.length - ((n == null) || guard ? 1 : n));
  };

  // get the last element of an array. passing **n** will return the last n
  // values in the array. the **guard** check allows it to work with `_.map`.
  _.last = function(array, n, guard) {
    if (array == null) return void 0;
    if ((n == null) || guard) {
      return array[array.length - 1];
    } else {
      return slice.call(array, math.max(array.length - n, 0));
    }
  };

  // returns everything but the first entry of the array. aliased as `tail` and `drop`.
  // especially useful on the arguments object. passing an **n** will return
  // the rest n values in the array. the **guard**
  // check allows it to work with `_.map`.
  _.rest = _.tail = _.drop = function(array, n, guard) {
    return slice.call(array, (n == null) || guard ? 1 : n);
  };

  // trim out all falsy values from an array.
  _.compact = function(array) {
    return _.filter(array, _.identity);
  };

  // internal implementation of a recursive `flatten` function.
  var flatten = function(input, shallow, output) {
    if (shallow && _.every(input, _.isarray)) {
      return concat.apply(output, input);
    }
    each(input, function(value) {
      if (_.isarray(value) || _.isarguments(value)) {
        shallow ? push.apply(output, value) : flatten(value, shallow, output);
      } else {
        output.push(value);
      }
    });
    return output;
  };

  // flatten out an array, either recursively (by default), or just one level.
  _.flatten = function(array, shallow) {
    return flatten(array, shallow, []);
  };

  // return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s).
  _.without = function(array) {
    return _.difference(array, slice.call(arguments, 1));
  };

  // produce a duplicate-free version of the array. if the array has already
  // been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm.
  // aliased as `unique`.
  _.uniq = _.unique = function(array, issorted, iterator, context) {
    if (_.isfunction(issorted)) {
      context = iterator;
      iterator = issorted;
      issorted = false;
    }
    var initial = iterator ? _.map(array, iterator, context) : array;
    var results = [];
    var seen = [];
    each(initial, function(value, index) {
      if (issorted ? (!index || seen[seen.length - 1] !== value) : !_.contains(seen, value)) {
        seen.push(value);
        results.push(array[index]);
      }
    });
    return results;
  };

  // produce an array that contains the union: each distinct element from all of
  // the passed-in arrays.
  _.union = function() {
    return _.uniq(_.flatten(arguments, true));
  };

  // produce an array that contains every item shared between all the
  // passed-in arrays.
  _.intersection = function(array) {
    var rest = slice.call(arguments, 1);
    return _.filter(_.uniq(array), function(item) {
      return _.every(rest, function(other) {
        return _.indexof(other, item) >= 0;
      });
    });
  };

  // take the difference between one array and a number of other arrays.
  // only the elements present in just the first array will remain.
  _.difference = function(array) {
    var rest = concat.apply(arrayproto, slice.call(arguments, 1));
    return _.filter(array, function(value){ return !_.contains(rest, value); });
  };

  // zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share
  // an index go together.
  _.zip = function() {
    var length = _.max(_.pluck(arguments, "length").concat(0));
    var results = new array(length);
    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      results[i] = _.pluck(arguments, '' + i);
    }
    return results;
  };

  // converts lists into objects. pass either a single array of `[key, value]`
  // pairs, or two parallel arrays of the same length -- one of keys, and one of
  // the corresponding values.
  _.object = function(list, values) {
    if (list == null) return {};
    var result = {};
    for (var i = 0, length = list.length; i < length; i++) {
      if (values) {
        result[list[i]] = values[i];
      } else {
        result[list[i][0]] = list[i][1];
      }
    }
    return result;
  };

  // if the browser doesn't supply us with indexof (i'm looking at you, **msie**),
  // we need this function. return the position of the first occurrence of an
  // item in an array, or -1 if the item is not included in the array.
  // delegates to **ecmascript 5**'s native `indexof` if available.
  // if the array is large and already in sort order, pass `true`
  // for **issorted** to use binary search.
  _.indexof = function(array, item, issorted) {
    if (array == null) return -1;
    var i = 0, length = array.length;
    if (issorted) {
      if (typeof issorted == 'number') {
        i = (issorted < 0 ? math.max(0, length + issorted) : issorted);
      } else {
        i = _.sortedindex(array, item);
        return array[i] === item ? i : -1;
      }
    }
    if (nativeindexof && array.indexof === nativeindexof) return array.indexof(item, issorted);
    for (; i < length; i++) if (array[i] === item) return i;
    return -1;
  };

  // delegates to **ecmascript 5**'s native `lastindexof` if available.
  _.lastindexof = function(array, item, from) {
    if (array == null) return -1;
    var hasindex = from != null;
    if (nativelastindexof && array.lastindexof === nativelastindexof) {
      return hasindex ? array.lastindexof(item, from) : array.lastindexof(item);
    }
    var i = (hasindex ? from : array.length);
    while (i--) if (array[i] === item) return i;
    return -1;
  };

  // generate an integer array containing an arithmetic progression. a port of
  // the native python `range()` function. see
  // [the python documentation](http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range).
  _.range = function(start, stop, step) {
    if (arguments.length <= 1) {
      stop = start || 0;
      start = 0;
    }
    step = arguments[2] || 1;

    var length = math.max(math.ceil((stop - start) / step), 0);
    var idx = 0;
    var range = new array(length);

    while(idx < length) {
      range[idx++] = start;
      start += step;
    }

    return range;
  };

  // function (ahem) functions
  // ------------------

  // reusable constructor function for prototype setting.
  var ctor = function(){};

  // create a function bound to a given object (assigning `this`, and arguments,
  // optionally). delegates to **ecmascript 5**'s native `function.bind` if
  // available.
  _.bind = function(func, context) {
    var args, bound;
    if (nativebind && func.bind === nativebind) return nativebind.apply(func, slice.call(arguments, 1));
    if (!_.isfunction(func)) throw new typeerror;
    args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
    return bound = function() {
      if (!(this instanceof bound)) return func.apply(context, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
      ctor.prototype = func.prototype;
      var self = new ctor;
      ctor.prototype = null;
      var result = func.apply(self, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
      if (object(result) === result) return result;
      return self;
    };
  };

  // partially apply a function by creating a version that has had some of its
  // arguments pre-filled, without changing its dynamic `this` context.
  _.partial = function(func) {
    var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
    return function() {
      return func.apply(this, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
    };
  };

  // bind all of an object's methods to that object. useful for ensuring that
  // all callbacks defined on an object belong to it.
  _.bindall = function(obj) {
    var funcs = slice.call(arguments, 1);
    if (funcs.length === 0) throw new error("bindall must be passed function names");
    each(funcs, function(f) { obj[f] = _.bind(obj[f], obj); });
    return obj;
  };

  // memoize an expensive function by storing its results.
  _.memoize = function(func, hasher) {
    var memo = {};
    hasher || (hasher = _.identity);
    return function() {
      var key = hasher.apply(this, arguments);
      return _.has(memo, key) ? memo[key] : (memo[key] = func.apply(this, arguments));
    };
  };

  // delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls
  // it with the arguments supplied.
  _.delay = function(func, wait) {
    var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
    return settimeout(function(){ return func.apply(null, args); }, wait);
  };

  // defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has
  // cleared.
  _.defer = function(func) {
    return _.delay.apply(_, [func, 1].concat(slice.call(arguments, 1)));
  };

  // returns a function, that, when invoked, will only be triggered at most once
  // during a given window of time. normally, the throttled function will run
  // as much as it can, without ever going more than once per `wait` duration;
  // but if you'd like to disable the execution on the leading edge, pass
  // `{leading: false}`. to disable execution on the trailing edge, ditto.
  _.throttle = function(func, wait, options) {
    var context, args, result;
    var timeout = null;
    var previous = 0;
    options || (options = {});
    var later = function() {
      previous = options.leading === false ? 0 : new date;
      timeout = null;
      result = func.apply(context, args);
    };
    return function() {
      var now = new date;
      if (!previous && options.leading === false) previous = now;
      var remaining = wait - (now - previous);
      context = this;
      args = arguments;
      if (remaining <= 0) {
        cleartimeout(timeout);
        timeout = null;
        previous = now;
        result = func.apply(context, args);
      } else if (!timeout && options.trailing !== false) {
        timeout = settimeout(later, remaining);
      }
      return result;
    };
  };

  // returns a function, that, as long as it continues to be invoked, will not
  // be triggered. the function will be called after it stops being called for
  // n milliseconds. if `immediate` is passed, trigger the function on the
  // leading edge, instead of the trailing.
  _.debounce = function(func, wait, immediate) {
    var timeout, args, context, timestamp, result;
    return function() {
      context = this;
      args = arguments;
      timestamp = new date();
      var later = function() {
        var last = (new date()) - timestamp;
        if (last < wait) {
          timeout = settimeout(later, wait - last);
        } else {
          timeout = null;
          if (!immediate) result = func.apply(context, args);
        }
      };
      var callnow = immediate && !timeout;
      if (!timeout) {
        timeout = settimeout(later, wait);
      }
      if (callnow) result = func.apply(context, args);
      return result;
    };
  };

  // returns a function that will be executed at most one time, no matter how
  // often you call it. useful for lazy initialization.
  _.once = function(func) {
    var ran = false, memo;
    return function() {
      if (ran) return memo;
      ran = true;
      memo = func.apply(this, arguments);
      func = null;
      return memo;
    };
  };

  // returns the first function passed as an argument to the second,
  // allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and
  // conditionally execute the original function.
  _.wrap = function(func, wrapper) {
    return function() {
      var args = [func];
      push.apply(args, arguments);
      return wrapper.apply(this, args);
    };
  };

  // returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each
  // consuming the return value of the function that follows.
  _.compose = function() {
    var funcs = arguments;
    return function() {
      var args = arguments;
      for (var i = funcs.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        args = [funcs[i].apply(this, args)];
      }
      return args[0];
    };
  };

  // returns a function that will only be executed after being called n times.
  _.after = function(times, func) {
    return function() {
      if (--times < 1) {
        return func.apply(this, arguments);
      }
    };
  };

  // object functions
  // ----------------

  // retrieve the names of an object's properties.
  // delegates to **ecmascript 5**'s native `object.keys`
  _.keys = nativekeys || function(obj) {
    if (obj !== object(obj)) throw new typeerror('invalid object');
    var keys = [];
    for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) keys.push(key);
    return keys;
  };

  // retrieve the values of an object's properties.
  _.values = function(obj) {
    var keys = _.keys(obj);
    var length = keys.length;
    var values = new array(length);
    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      values[i] = obj[keys[i]];
    }
    return values;
  };

  // convert an object into a list of `[key, value]` pairs.
  _.pairs = function(obj) {
    var keys = _.keys(obj);
    var length = keys.length;
    var pairs = new array(length);
    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      pairs[i] = [keys[i], obj[keys[i]]];
    }
    return pairs;
  };

  // invert the keys and values of an object. the values must be serializable.
  _.invert = function(obj) {
    var result = {};
    var keys = _.keys(obj);
    for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
      result[obj[keys[i]]] = keys[i];
    }
    return result;
  };

  // return a sorted list of the function names available on the object.
  // aliased as `methods`
  _.functions = _.methods = function(obj) {
    var names = [];
    for (var key in obj) {
      if (_.isfunction(obj[key])) names.push(key);
    }
    return names.sort();
  };

  // extend a given object with all the properties in passed-in object(s).
  _.extend = function(obj) {
    each(slice.call(arguments, 1), function(source) {
      if (source) {
        for (var prop in source) {
          obj[prop] = source[prop];
        }
      }
    });
    return obj;
  };

  // return a copy of the object only containing the whitelisted properties.
  _.pick = function(obj) {
    var copy = {};
    var keys = concat.apply(arrayproto, slice.call(arguments, 1));
    each(keys, function(key) {
      if (key in obj) copy[key] = obj[key];
    });
    return copy;
  };

   // return a copy of the object without the blacklisted properties.
  _.omit = function(obj) {
    var copy = {};
    var keys = concat.apply(arrayproto, slice.call(arguments, 1));
    for (var key in obj) {
      if (!_.contains(keys, key)) copy[key] = obj[key];
    }
    return copy;
  };

  // fill in a given object with default properties.
  _.defaults = function(obj) {
    each(slice.call(arguments, 1), function(source) {
      if (source) {
        for (var prop in source) {
          if (obj[prop] === void 0) obj[prop] = source[prop];
        }
      }
    });
    return obj;
  };

  // create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.
  _.clone = function(obj) {
    if (!_.isobject(obj)) return obj;
    return _.isarray(obj) ? obj.slice() : _.extend({}, obj);
  };

  // invokes interceptor with the obj, and then returns obj.
  // the primary purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in
  // order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.
  _.tap = function(obj, interceptor) {
    interceptor(obj);
    return obj;
  };

  // internal recursive comparison function for `isequal`.
  var eq = function(a, b, astack, bstack) {
    // identical objects are equal. `0 === -0`, but they aren't identical.
    // see the [harmony `egal` proposal](http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:egal).
    if (a === b) return a !== 0 || 1 / a == 1 / b;
    // a strict comparison is necessary because `null == undefined`.
    if (a == null || b == null) return a === b;
    // unwrap any wrapped objects.
    if (a instanceof _) a = a._wrapped;
    if (b instanceof _) b = b._wrapped;
    // compare `[[class]]` names.
    var classname = tostring.call(a);
    if (classname != tostring.call(b)) return false;
    switch (classname) {
      // strings, numbers, dates, and booleans are compared by value.
      case '[object string]':
        // primitives and their corresponding object wrappers are equivalent; thus, `"5"` is
        // equivalent to `new string("5")`.
        return a == string(b);
      case '[object number]':
        // `nan`s are equivalent, but non-reflexive. an `egal` comparison is performed for
        // other numeric values.
        return a != +a ? b != +b : (a == 0 ? 1 / a == 1 / b : a == +b);
      case '[object date]':
      case '[object boolean]':
        // coerce dates and booleans to numeric primitive values. dates are compared by their
        // millisecond representations. note that invalid dates with millisecond representations
        // of `nan` are not equivalent.
        return +a == +b;
      // regexps are compared by their source patterns and flags.
      case '[object regexp]':
        return a.source == b.source &&
               a.global == b.global &&
               a.multiline == b.multiline &&
               a.ignorecase == b.ignorecase;
    }
    if (typeof a != 'object' || typeof b != 'object') return false;
    // assume equality for cyclic structures. the algorithm for detecting cyclic
    // structures is adapted from es 5.1 section 15.12.3, abstract operation `jo`.
    var length = astack.length;
    while (length--) {
      // linear search. performance is inversely proportional to the number of
      // unique nested structures.
      if (astack[length] == a) return bstack[length] == b;
    }
    // objects with different constructors are not equivalent, but `object`s
    // from different frames are.
    var actor = a.constructor, bctor = b.constructor;
    if (actor !== bctor && !(_.isfunction(actor) && (actor instanceof actor) &&
                             _.isfunction(bctor) && (bctor instanceof bctor))) {
      return false;
    }
    // add the first object to the stack of traversed objects.
    astack.push(a);
    bstack.push(b);
    var size = 0, result = true;
    // recursively compare objects and arrays.
    if (classname == '[object array]') {
      // compare array lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary.
      size = a.length;
      result = size == b.length;
      if (result) {
        // deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties.
        while (size--) {
          if (!(result = eq(a[size], b[size], astack, bstack))) break;
        }
      }
    } else {
      // deep compare objects.
      for (var key in a) {
        if (_.has(a, key)) {
          // count the expected number of properties.
          size++;
          // deep compare each member.
          if (!(result = _.has(b, key) && eq(a[key], b[key], astack, bstack))) break;
        }
      }
      // ensure that both objects contain the same number of properties.
      if (result) {
        for (key in b) {
          if (_.has(b, key) && !(size--)) break;
        }
        result = !size;
      }
    }
    // remove the first object from the stack of traversed objects.
    astack.pop();
    bstack.pop();
    return result;
  };

  // perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.
  _.isequal = function(a, b) {
    return eq(a, b, [], []);
  };

  // is a given array, string, or object empty?
  // an "empty" object has no enumerable own-properties.
  _.isempty = function(obj) {
    if (obj == null) return true;
    if (_.isarray(obj) || _.isstring(obj)) return obj.length === 0;
    for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) return false;
    return true;
  };

  // is a given value a dom element?
  _.iselement = function(obj) {
    return !!(obj && obj.nodetype === 1);
  };

  // is a given value an array?
  // delegates to ecma5's native array.isarray
  _.isarray = nativeisarray || function(obj) {
    return tostring.call(obj) == '[object array]';
  };

  // is a given variable an object?
  _.isobject = function(obj) {
    return obj === object(obj);
  };

  // add some istype methods: isarguments, isfunction, isstring, isnumber, isdate, isregexp.
  each(['arguments', 'function', 'string', 'number', 'date', 'regexp'], function(name) {
    _['is' + name] = function(obj) {
      return tostring.call(obj) == '[object ' + name + ']';
    };
  });

  // define a fallback version of the method in browsers (ahem, ie), where
  // there isn't any inspectable "arguments" type.
  if (!_.isarguments(arguments)) {
    _.isarguments = function(obj) {
      return !!(obj && _.has(obj, 'callee'));
    };
  }

  // optimize `isfunction` if appropriate.
  if (typeof (/./) !== 'function') {
    _.isfunction = function(obj) {
      return typeof obj === 'function';
    };
  }

  // is a given object a finite number?
  _.isfinite = function(obj) {
    return isfinite(obj) && !isnan(parsefloat(obj));
  };

  // is the given value `nan`? (nan is the only number which does not equal itself).
  _.isnan = function(obj) {
    return _.isnumber(obj) && obj != +obj;
  };

  // is a given value a boolean?
  _.isboolean = function(obj) {
    return obj === true || obj === false || tostring.call(obj) == '[object boolean]';
  };

  // is a given value equal to null?
  _.isnull = function(obj) {
    return obj === null;
  };

  // is a given variable undefined?
  _.isundefined = function(obj) {
    return obj === void 0;
  };

  // shortcut function for checking if an object has a given property directly
  // on itself (in other words, not on a prototype).
  _.has = function(obj, key) {
    return hasownproperty.call(obj, key);
  };

  // utility functions
  // -----------------

  // run underscore.js in *noconflict* mode, returning the `_` variable to its
  // previous owner. returns a reference to the underscore object.
  _.noconflict = function() {
    root._ = previousunderscore;
    return this;
  };

  // keep the identity function around for default iterators.
  _.identity = function(value) {
    return value;
  };

  // run a function **n** times.
  _.times = function(n, iterator, context) {
    var accum = array(math.max(0, n));
    for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) accum[i] = iterator.call(context, i);
    return accum;
  };

  // return a random integer between min and max (inclusive).
  _.random = function(min, max) {
    if (max == null) {
      max = min;
      min = 0;
    }
    return min + math.floor(math.random() * (max - min + 1));
  };

  // list of html entities for escaping.
  var entitymap = {
    escape: {
      '&': '&amp;',
      '<': '&lt;',
      '>': '&gt;',
      '"': '&quot;',
      "'": '&#x27;'
    }
  };
  entitymap.unescape = _.invert(entitymap.escape);

  // regexes containing the keys and values listed immediately above.
  var entityregexes = {
    escape:   new regexp('[' + _.keys(entitymap.escape).join('') + ']', 'g'),
    unescape: new regexp('(' + _.keys(entitymap.unescape).join('|') + ')', 'g')
  };

  // functions for escaping and unescaping strings to/from html interpolation.
  _.each(['escape', 'unescape'], function(method) {
    _[method] = function(string) {
      if (string == null) return '';
      return ('' + string).replace(entityregexes[method], function(match) {
        return entitymap[method][match];
      });
    };
  });

  // if the value of the named `property` is a function then invoke it with the
  // `object` as context; otherwise, return it.
  _.result = function(object, property) {
    if (object == null) return void 0;
    var value = object[property];
    return _.isfunction(value) ? value.call(object) : value;
  };

  // add your own custom functions to the underscore object.
  _.mixin = function(obj) {
    each(_.functions(obj), function(name) {
      var func = _[name] = obj[name];
      _.prototype[name] = function() {
        var args = [this._wrapped];
        push.apply(args, arguments);
        return result.call(this, func.apply(_, args));
      };
    });
  };

  // generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session).
  // useful for temporary dom ids.
  var idcounter = 0;
  _.uniqueid = function(prefix) {
    var id = ++idcounter + '';
    return prefix ? prefix + id : id;
  };

  // by default, underscore uses erb-style template delimiters, change the
  // following template settings to use alternative delimiters.
  _.templatesettings = {
    evaluate    : /<%([\s\s]+?)%>/g,
    interpolate : /<%=([\s\s]+?)%>/g,
    escape      : /<%-([\s\s]+?)%>/g
  };

  // when customizing `templatesettings`, if you don't want to define an
  // interpolation, evaluation or escaping regex, we need one that is
  // guaranteed not to match.
  var nomatch = /(.)^/;

  // certain characters need to be escaped so that they can be put into a
  // string literal.
  var escapes = {
    "'":      "'",
    '\\':     '\\',
    '\r':     'r',
    '\n':     'n',
    '\t':     't',
    '\u2028': 'u2028',
    '\u2029': 'u2029'
  };

  var escaper = /\\|'|\r|\n|\t|\u2028|\u2029/g;

  // javascript micro-templating, similar to john resig's implementation.
  // underscore templating handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves whitespace,
  // and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
  _.template = function(text, data, settings) {
    var render;
    settings = _.defaults({}, settings, _.templatesettings);

    // combine delimiters into one regular expression via alternation.
    var matcher = new regexp([
      (settings.escape || nomatch).source,
      (settings.interpolate || nomatch).source,
      (settings.evaluate || nomatch).source
    ].join('|') + '|$', 'g');

    // compile the template source, escaping string literals appropriately.
    var index = 0;
    var source = "__p+='";
    text.replace(matcher, function(match, escape, interpolate, evaluate, offset) {
      source += text.slice(index, offset)
        .replace(escaper, function(match) { return '\\' + escapes[match]; });

      if (escape) {
        source += "'+\n((__t=(" + escape + "))==null?'':_.escape(__t))+\n'";
      }
      if (interpolate) {
        source += "'+\n((__t=(" + interpolate + "))==null?'':__t)+\n'";
      }
      if (evaluate) {
        source += "';\n" + evaluate + "\n__p+='";
      }
      index = offset + match.length;
      return match;
    });
    source += "';\n";

    // if a variable is not specified, place data values in local scope.
    if (!settings.variable) source = 'with(obj||{}){\n' + source + '}\n';

    source = "var __t,__p='',__j=array.prototype.join," +
      "print=function(){__p+=__j.call(arguments,'');};\n" +
      source + "return __p;\n";

    try {
      render = new function(settings.variable || 'obj', '_', source);
    } catch (e) {
      e.source = source;
      throw e;
    }

    if (data) return render(data, _);
    var template = function(data) {
      return render.call(this, data, _);
    };

    // provide the compiled function source as a convenience for precompilation.
    template.source = 'function(' + (settings.variable || 'obj') + '){\n' + source + '}';

    return template;
  };

  // add a "chain" function, which will delegate to the wrapper.
  _.chain = function(obj) {
    return _(obj).chain();
  };

  // oop
  // ---------------
  // if underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that
  // can be used oo-style. this wrapper holds altered versions of all the
  // underscore functions. wrapped objects may be chained.

  // helper function to continue chaining intermediate results.
  var result = function(obj) {
    return this._chain ? _(obj).chain() : obj;
  };

  // add all of the underscore functions to the wrapper object.
  _.mixin(_);

  // add all mutator array functions to the wrapper.
  each(['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function(name) {
    var method = arrayproto[name];
    _.prototype[name] = function() {
      var obj = this._wrapped;
      method.apply(obj, arguments);
      if ((name == 'shift' || name == 'splice') && obj.length === 0) delete obj[0];
      return result.call(this, obj);
    };
  });

  // add all accessor array functions to the wrapper.
  each(['concat', 'join', 'slice'], function(name) {
    var method = arrayproto[name];
    _.prototype[name] = function() {
      return result.call(this, method.apply(this._wrapped, arguments));
    };
  });

  _.extend(_.prototype, {

    // start chaining a wrapped underscore object.
    chain: function() {
      this._chain = true;
      return this;
    },

    // extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object.
    value: function() {
      return this._wrapped;
    }

  });

}).call(this);
/* requestanimationframe polyfill */
'use strict';

// adapted from https://gist.github.com/paulirish/1579671 which derived from 
// http://paulirish.com/2011/requestanimationframe-for-smart-animating/
// http://my.opera.com/emoller/blog/2011/12/20/requestanimationframe-for-smart-er-animating

// requestanimationframe polyfill by erik m枚ller.
// fixes from paul irish, tino zijdel, andrew mao, klemen slavi膷, darius bacon

// mit license

if (!date.now)
    date.now = function() { return new date().gettime(); };

(function() {
    var vendors = ['webkit', 'moz'];
    for (var i = 0; i < vendors.length && !window.requestanimationframe; ++i) {
        var vp = vendors[i];
        window.requestanimationframe = window[vp+'requestanimationframe'];
        window.cancelanimationframe = (window[vp+'cancelanimationframe']
                                   || window[vp+'cancelrequestanimationframe']);
    }
    if (/ip(ad|hone|od).*os 6/.test(window.navigator.useragent) // ios6 is buggy
        || !window.requestanimationframe || !window.cancelanimationframe) {
        var lasttime = 0;
        window.requestanimationframe = function(callback) {
            var now = date.now();
            var nexttime = math.max(lasttime + 16, now);
            return settimeout(function() { callback(lasttime = nexttime); },
                              nexttime - now);
        };
        window.cancelanimationframe = cleartimeout;
    }
}());

function assert(condition, message){
    if (!!condition === false){
        throw message || "assertion failed";
    }
}

/* polyfill for classlist */
/*! @source http://purl.eligrey.com/github/classlist.js/blob/master/classlist.js*/
if(typeof document!=="undefined"&&!("classlist" in document.createelement("a"))){(function(j){if(!("htmlelement" in j)&&!("element" in j)){return}var a="classlist",f="prototype",m=(j.htmlelement||j.element)[f],b=object,k=string[f].trim||function(){return this.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g,"")},c=array[f].indexof||function(q){var p=0,o=this.length;for(;p<o;p++){if(p in this&&this[p]===q){return p}}return -1},n=function(o,p){this.name=o;this.code=domexception[o];this.message=p},g=function(p,o){if(o===""){throw new n("syntax_err","an invalid or illegal string was specified")}if(/\s/.test(o)){throw new n("invalid_character_err","string contains an invalid character")}return c.call(p,o)},d=function(s){var r=k.call(s.classname),q=r?r.split(/\s+/):[],p=0,o=q.length;for(;p<o;p++){this.push(q[p])}this._updateclassname=function(){s.classname=this.tostring()}},e=d[f]=[],i=function(){return new d(this)};n[f]=error[f];e.item=function(o){return this[o]||null};e.contains=function(o){o+="";return g(this,o)!==-1};e.add=function(){var s=arguments,r=0,p=s.length,q,o=false;do{q=s[r]+"";if(g(this,q)===-1){this.push(q);o=true}}while(++r<p);if(o){this._updateclassname()}};e.remove=function(){var t=arguments,s=0,p=t.length,r,o=false;do{r=t[s]+"";var q=g(this,r);if(q!==-1){this.splice(q,1);o=true}}while(++s<p);if(o){this._updateclassname()}};e.toggle=function(p,q){p+="";var o=this.contains(p),r=o?q!==true&&"remove":q!==false&&"add";if(r){this[r](p)}return !o};e.tostring=function(){return this.join(" ")};if(b.defineproperty){var l={get:i,enumerable:true,configurable:true};try{b.defineproperty(m,a,l)}catch(h){if(h.number===-2146823252){l.enumerable=false;b.defineproperty(m,a,l)}}}else{if(b[f].__definegetter__){m.__definegetter__(a,i)}}}(self))};
(function(){

    /* 
     * requires: dataset, classlist, getelementsbyclassname
     */
 
    window.charlie = {};
    var charlie = window.charlie;


    /************************************************************************
     * constants
     */
    var keyframes_rule = window.cssrule.keyframes_rule
        || window.cssrule.webkit_keyframes_rule
        || window.cssrule.moz_keyframes_rule
        || window.cssrule.o_keyframes_rule
        || window.cssrule.ms_keyframes_rule,

    prefixes = ["webkit", "moz", "o", "ms"];


    /************************************************************************
     * helper functions
     */
    var scrapeanimationdata = function() {

        /* grab the data from the dom. */
        var data = {};
        _.foreach(
            //loop through every element that should be animated
            document.getelementsbyclassname("charlie"),
            
            //for each element, pull off the info from the dataset
            function(element) {

                /*
                 * creates an object of animation name: time, e.g.
                 * 
                 * { swoopy: [ 
                 *    { element: domelement,
                 *      time: 6522 },
                 *    { element: anotherelement,
                 *      time: 7834 }]
                 * }
                 */

                //
                var names = element.dataset.animations.split(/\s*,\s*/),
                times = element.dataset.times.split(/\s*,\s*/),
                
                // creates an array of arrays, each one called a 'tuple'
                // basically ties the time to the 
                // animation name, so it looks like:
                //[["zippy", 1], ["fade", 2] ... ]
                tuples = _.zip(names, times);
                
                /*
                * turn the tuples into an object, 
                * which is just a little easier to work with.
                * we end up with an object that looks like:
                * {
                *  fade: [ {element: domelement, time: "1.2s"}, ... ],
                *  fling: [ {element: domelement, time: "2.4s"}, ... ]
                * }
                * so we can reuse an animation on different elements
                * at different times.
                */
                
                _.foreach(tuples, function(tuple){
                    var name = tuple[0],
                    time = tuple[1];
                    data[name] = data[name] || [];
                    data[name].push({
                        element: element,
                        time: time
                    })
                });
            });
        return data;
    },


    /* 
       iterate through every stylesheet and create a list of rules
       that matches the passed in matcher function
    */
    findrules = function(matches){
        var stylesheets = _.toarray(document.stylesheets),
        rules = [];

        _.foreach(stylesheets, function(sheet){
            var cssrules = [];
            try {
                cssrules = _.toarray(sheet.cssrules);
            } catch (e) {
                //cross domain exception
            }
            _.foreach(cssrules, function(rule){
                if (matches(rule)){
                    rules.push(rule);
                }
            });
        });
        return rules;
    },

    roundtime = function(time) {
        //round a time to one tenth of a second
        //return time.tofixed(1);
        return math.round(time * 10) / 10;
    },

    animationname = (function(){
        var name = "";
        return function(style){
            if (name) {
                return name;
            } else {
                if (style.animationname) {
                    name = "animationname";
                } else if (style.webkitanimationname) {
                    name = "webkitanimationname";
                } else if (style.mozanimationname) {
                    name = "mozanimationname";
                } else if (style.oanimationname) {
                    name="oanimationname";
                } else if (style.msanimationname) {
                    name = "msanimationname";
                } else {
                    name = "";
                }
                return name;
            }
        }
    })(),

    prefixed = function(prop){

        var props = _.map(prefixes, function(prefix){
            return prefix + prop.substring(0, 1).touppercase() + prop.substring(1);
        });
        props.push(prop);
        return props;
    },

    animationduration = (function(){
        
        var durationname = "",
        props = prefixed("animationduration");
        
        return function(style){
            if (!durationname){
                for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++){
                    var prop = props[i];
                    if (style[prop]){
                        durationname = prop;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            return style[durationname];
        };
    })(),

    calculatedduration = function(style){
        /* note: could support multiple iterations, but 
         * only the same duration for each iteration.
         * todo: support iterations
         */
        var duration = animationduration(style);
        duration = number(duration.substring(0, duration.length -1));
        
        return duration || 0;
    },

    onanimationend = function(element, callback) {
        element.addeventlistener("webkitanimationend", callback, false);
        element.addeventlistener("mozanimationend", callback, false);
        element.addeventlistener("msanimationend", callback, false);
        element.addeventlistener("oanimationend", callback, false);
        element.addeventlistener("animationend", callback, false);
    },

    setdelay = function(animation, seconds) {
        var delay = -(seconds - animation.startsat),
        delay = delay < 0 ? delay : 0,
        milliseconds = math.floor(delay * 1000) + "ms";

        animation.element.style.webkitanimationdelay = milliseconds;
        animation.element.style.mozanimationdelay = milliseconds;
        animation.element.style.oanimationdelay = milliseconds;
        animation.element.style.msanimationdelay = milliseconds;
        animation.element.style.animationdelay = milliseconds;
    };



    


    /************************************************************************
     * cssanimations
     * 
     * basically a bucket for holding keyframes and stylesheet rules
     * for animations.
     */

    var cssanimations = function(keyframes, cssrules){
        this.keyframes = keyframes;
        this.cssrules = cssrules;
    };

    cssanimations.create = function(){
        /* create keyframe lookup */
        var keyframerules = findrules(function(rule){
            return keyframes_rule === rule.type;
        }),
        keyframes = 
            _.object(
                _.map(
                    keyframerules, 
                    function(rule){ return [rule.name, rule]; }));
        
        /* create animation styles lookup */
        var animationstylerules = findrules(function(rule){
            return rule.style && rule.style[animationname(rule.style)];
        }),
        cssrules = 
            _.object(
                _.map(
                    animationstylerules,
                    function(style){ return [style.selectortext.substring(1), style]; }));

        return new cssanimations(keyframes, cssrules);
    };
    
    cssanimations.prototype = {
        keyframes : {},
        cssrules: {},
    };
    charlie.cssanimations = cssanimations;


    /************************************************************************
     * animation controller 
     */

    var animationcontroller = function(animations, byseconds, timemodel, callbacks){
        this.animations = animations || {};
        this.byseconds = byseconds || {};
        this.running = [];
        this.paused = [];
        this.timemodel = timemodel || {};
        this.callbacks = callbacks || {};
    };

    animationcontroller.prototype = {

        animations: {},
        byseconds: {},
        running: [],
        paused: [],
        timemodel: {},
        callbacks: {},

        startanimations: function(time, videotime){

            // allow precision to one tenth of a second
            var seconds = roundtime(videotime),
            me = this;

            //resume any paused animations
            me.resumeanimations();

            /* start up any animations that should be running at this second.
             * don't start any that are already running
             */
            if (me.byseconds[seconds]){
                var animations = me.byseconds[seconds],
                notrunning = _.filter(animations, function(animation){
                    return !_.contains(me.running, animation);
                });
                
                /* requestanimationframe happens more than 
                 *  every tenth of a second, so this code will run
                 *  multiple times for each animation starting time
                 */
                _.foreach(notrunning, function(animation){
                    animation.start();
                    me.running.push(animation);
                });
            }
        },

        executecallbacks: (function(){

            var currenttime = 0;

            return function(time, videotime){

                // allow precision to one tenth of a second
                var seconds = roundtime(videotime),
                me = this;

                if (seconds > currenttime || seconds < currenttime) {
                    currenttime = seconds;
                    var callbacks = me.callbacks[seconds] || [];
                    _.foreach(callbacks, function(cb){
                        cb();
                    });
                }
            }
        })(),

        seek: (function(){

            var animationstostart = function(me, seconds) {

                var tostart = [];

                for(var i = 0; i < me.timemodel.length; i++) {

                    var animation = me.timemodel[i];

                    //stop looking, nothing else is running
                    if (animation.startsat > seconds) {
                        break;
                    }

                    if (animation.endsat > seconds) {
                        tostart.push(animation);
                    }
                }
                return tostart;
            };

            /* seek function */
            return function(videotime, playnow){

                // 1. go through each to start
                //2. set the animation delay so it starts at the right place
                //3. start 'em up.

                var me = this,
                seconds = roundtime(videotime),
                tostart = animationstostart(me, seconds);

                // go through each animation to start
                _.foreach(tostart, function(animation){

                    //set the delay to start the animation at the right place
                    setdelay(animation, seconds);

                    //start it up
                    animation.start();

                    /* if the move is playing right now, then let the animation
                     * keep playing, otherwise pause the animation to wait
                     * until the video resumes.
                     */

                    if (playnow) {
                        me.running.push(animation);

                    } else {
                        me.paused.push(animation);
                        animation.pause();
                    }
                });
            }
        })(),

        pauseanimations: function(){

            var me = this,
            animation;
            
            while(animation = me.running.pop()){
                animation.pause();
                //keep track of paused animations so we can resume them later ...
                me.paused.push(animation);
            }
        },

        clearanimations: function(){

            var me = this,
            animation;

            /* need to be playing in order 
             * to cause a reflow, otherwise 
             * the offset fix in the reset method
             * of the animation class has no effect.
             */
            me.resumeanimations();

            while(animation = me.running.pop()){
                animation.reset();
            }
            while(animation = me.paused.pop()){
                animation.reset();
            }

        },

        resumeanimations: function(){

            var me = this,
            animation;

            while (animation = me.paused.pop()){
                animation.resume();
                me.running.push(animation);
            }
        },

        bind: (function() {

            var createanimations = function(me, cssanimations, starttimes, callbacks){

                _.foreach(_.keys(starttimes),
                          function(name){
                              
                              var keyframe = cssanimations.keyframes[name],
                              cssrule = cssanimations.cssrules[name];
                              
                              _.foreach(starttimes[name], function(starttime){
                                  var animation = new animation(
                                      name,
                                      cssrule,
                                      keyframe,
                                      starttime.element,
                                      starttime.time);
                                  
                                  me.animations[name] = me.animations[name] || [];
                                  me.byseconds[animation.startsat] = 
                                      me.byseconds[animation.startsat] || [];
                                  
                                  me.animations[name].push(animation);
                                  me.byseconds[animation.startsat].push(animation);
                              });
                          });
            },

            createtimemodel = function(me, animations) {
                me.timemodel = _.sortby(animations, "endsat" );
            };

            /* the animationcontroller bind method */
            return function(cssanimations, starttimes){

                var me = this;
                createanimations(me, cssanimations, starttimes);

                var animations = _.flatten(_.values(me.animations));
                createtimemodel(me, animations);

                me.callbacks = callbacks;
            }
        })()/* returns the bind method*/
    }
    charlie.animationcontroller = animationcontroller;


    /************************************************************************
     * animation
     */
    var animation = function(name, cssrule, keyframe, element, startsat){

        assert(name, "you can't create an animation without a name");
        assert(cssrule, "no css rule defined for animation " + name);
        assert(keyframe, "no keyframe defined for animation " + name);
        assert(element, "no element found. animations must be bound to a dom element.");
        assert(startsat, "no start time provided for the animation");

        this.name = name;
        this.element = element;
        this.cssrule = cssrule;
        this.keyframe = keyframe;
        this.startsat = roundtime(number(startsat));
        this.duration = calculatedduration(cssrule.style);
        this.endsat = this.startsat + this.duration;
    };

    animation.prototype = {

        name: "",
        element: null,
        cssrule: null,
        keyframe: null,
        startsat: -1,
        duration: -1,
        endsat: -1,
        
        start: function(){
            var me = this;
            //the name of the animation is the same as the class name by convention.
            me.element.classlist.add(me.name);
            onanimationend(me.element, function(){
                me.reset();
            });
        },

        reset: function(){
            this.element.classlist.remove(this.name);

            // cause a reflow, otherwise the animation isn't fully 
            // removed. (let's call this a browser bug).
            this.element.offsetwidth = this.element.offsetwidth;

            //reset any calculated animation delays.
            setdelay(this, 0);
        },
        
        pause: function(){
            this.element.style.webkitanimationplaystate = "paused";
            this.element.style.mozanimationplaystate = "paused";
            this.element.style.oanimationplaystate = "paused"; 
            this.element.style.animationplaystate = "paused"; 
        },

        resume: function(){
            this.element.style.webkitanimationplaystate = "running";
            this.element.style.mozanimationplaystate = "running";
            this.element.style.oanimationplaystate = "running"; 
            this.element.style.animationplaystate = "running"; 
        }

    }
    charlie.animation = animation;


    /************************************************************************
     * bigloop
     */
    var bigloop = function(controller){
        assert(controller, "can't create a bigloop without an animationcontroller");
        this.controller = controller;
    };

    bigloop.prototype = {

        controller: null,
        video: null,
        running: false,
        frameid: -1,

        bind: function(video){
            //start and stop the loop when the video
            //starts and stops
            this.video = video;
            video.addeventlistener("play", this.start.bind(this), false);
            video.addeventlistener("ended", this.ended.bind(this), false);
            video.addeventlistener("pause", this.stop.bind(this), false);
            video.addeventlistener("seeked", this.seeked.bind(this), false);
        },

        ended: function(){
            this.controller.clearanimations();
        },

        seeked: function(){
            this.controller.clearanimations();
            this.controller.seek(video.currenttime, !this.video.paused);
        },

        tick: function(time){
            if (this.running){
                this.frameid = requestanimationframe(this.tick.bind(this));
                this.controller.startanimations(time, this.video.currenttime);
                this.controller.executecallbacks(time, this.video.currenttime);
            }
        },

        start: function() {
            this.running = true;
            this.tick();
        },

        stop: function(){
            if (this.frameid){
                cancelanimationframe(this.frameid);
                this.frameid = -1;
            }
            this.running = false;
            this.controller.pauseanimations();
        }
    }
    
    var callbacks = {};
    charlie.setup = function(video){
        var cssanimations = cssanimations.create(),
        animationdata = scrapeanimationdata(),
        controller = new animationcontroller(),
        loop = new bigloop(controller);
        controller.bind(cssanimations, animationdata, callbacks);
        loop.bind(video);
    }
    
    charlie.addcallback = function(callback, time){
        time = roundtime(time);
        var cbs = callbacks[time] || [];
        cbs.push(callback);
        callbacks[time] = cbs;
    }
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